主观疗效评价在恶性肿瘤中医药研究中的应用现状及进展

循证医学模式的引入使得恶性肿瘤中医治疗的有效性有了新的阐述途径,同时也对中医疗效评价体系提出了更高的要求。基于患者的自身感受,医师望闻问切四诊等得到的主观信息是主观疗效评价的重要组成方面,一直以来都是中医疗效评价的重要手段,其由单一的症状是否好转的评价发展至多重症状是否改善、整体生活质量是否提高等的评价方式,主观疗效评价的方式越来越丰富,也越来越规范,文章就目前主观疗效评价在中医药领域的研究现状及进展展开综述。     

PDCA循环在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中的效果观察

目的 探讨PDCA 循环在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中的效果观察。方法 运用PDCA循环对80例不同程度营养不良的消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者实施营养全程管理,比较干预前后患者的体重、BMI指数、糖化血红蛋白、血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白水平。结果 患者血红蛋白、总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白水平均有提高,比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 PDCA循环管理在消化道肿瘤伴糖尿病患者营养全程管理中有较大的优势, 值得推广。     

The effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health problem, worldwide, that is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the effect of nettle (Urtica dioica) supplementation on markers of glycemic status in patients with T2DM, with conflicting results. Therefore, the present study assessed the effect of nettle on some glycemic parameters in patients with T2DM. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, from database inception up to June 2019, to identify RCTs investigating the effect of nettle supplementation on glycemic markers, including fasting blood sugar (FBS) concentrations, insulin levels, homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance index, and glycosylated hemoglobin percentage in adults with T2DM. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results of this meta‐analysis were reported based on the random effects model. Eight RCTs, comprising 401 participants, were included in the present systematic review and meta‐analysis. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool, five studies were considered as good quality, one was fair, and two studies were poor, respectively. The results of the meta‐analysis revealed a significant reduction in FBS concentrations (weighted mean difference [WMD]: ?18.01 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval [CI]: ?30.04 to ?5.97, p < .001, I² = 94.6%) following nettle supplementation. However, no significant reduction was observed in insulin levels (WMD: 0.83 Hedges' g, 95% CI: ?0.26 to 1.92, p = .13, I² = 89.4%), homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance index (WMD: ?0.22, 95% CI: ?0.83 to 0.40, p = .49, I² = 69.2%), or glycosylated hemoglobin percentage (WMD: ?0.77%, 95% CI: ?1.77 to 0.22, p = .12, I² = 83.0%). The findings of the present study suggest that nettle supplementation may be effective in controlling FBS for T2DM patients. However, further studies are needed to confirm the veracity of these results.     

64层螺旋CT三维成像在腹部来源不明肿瘤诊断中的应用效果

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT三维成像在腹部来源不明肿瘤诊断中的应用效果。方法:采用回顾性、总结性研究方法，选择2014年6月到2018年2月在我院经手术病理证实的腹部来源不明肿瘤患者122例，术中病理诊断为良性肿瘤42例(良性组)和恶性肿瘤80例(恶性组)，所有患者都给予64层螺旋CT三维扫描与重建，记录影像学特征，判断诊断效果。结果:良性组与恶性组的CT图像质量主观评分分别为(3.89±0.45)分和(4.54±0.34)分，对比差异有统计学意义(P=0.018)。恶性组平扫期、动脉期、门脉期的CT值都显著高于良性组(P＜0.05)。在122例患者中，以CPR/MPR/VR/MIP显示肿瘤供血动脉100例，占比82.0%。恶性组中79例中显示供血动脉，良性肿瘤中21例显示供血动脉，对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。CT判断恶性肿瘤79例，良性肿瘤43例，对腹部来源不明肿瘤的诊断敏感性与特异性分别为98.8%和100.0%。结论:腹部肿瘤来源不同，特别增大时诊断困难；64层螺旋CT三维成像可立体、直观地显示肿瘤形态及与周围器官的关系，而且可以显示肿瘤血供，为手术提供可靠依据。     

乳腺癌相关microRNA的研究进展

乳腺癌作为一种复杂的、表型多样性的遗传性疾病，涉及基因表达和各种结构的变化。如何早期诊断乳腺癌，降低乳腺癌发病率、死亡率一直是大众关注的焦点。微小RNA（microRNA）是一类内源性非编码单链RNA，广泛参与乳腺癌细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡等生理过程，并与乳腺癌患者的临床分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移等相关。现就microRNA在乳腺癌发生、发展过程中的作用，及其在该病诊疗过程中的应用作一综述，以期为乳腺癌的进一步研究提供新的思路。     

肿瘤相关基因MAGE-n的发现及研究进展

黑色素瘤抗原-n(MAGE-n)基因是本实验室从肝癌细胞系中克隆得到的MAGE家族新成员,该基因与已报道的MAGE家族基因不同,但与MAGE-A家族基因具有同源性,与MAGE-6、MAGE-3同源性最高。我们分别检测了MAGE-n在不同组织、细胞中的表达和分布情况,结果发现:在正常肝组织、肝硬化组织及其它非肿瘤组织中未检测到MAGE-n的表达,而在肝细胞癌、胃癌等恶性肿瘤组织中表达率较高,且在其他不同肿瘤中的表达水平有差异。后续研究筛选鉴定出了HLA-A2限制性CTL表位,体内外实验均显示出良好的抗肝癌免疫效应。MAGE-n的这种表达模式和免疫特性与MAGE家族其他基因相同,提示其可作为肿瘤免疫治疗,尤其是肝癌免疫治疗的靶分子,为肝癌的免疫治疗研究提供新的策略。现就MAGE-n的研究进展作以下综述。     

The role of transforming growth factor-beta in immune suppression and chronic inflammation of squamous cell carcinomas

Despite a decline in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) over the past 20 years, their survival rate has remained nearly the same, indicating that treatment options have not improved relative to other cancer types. Immunotherapies have a high potential for a sustained effect in SCC patients, but their response rate is low. Here, we review the suppressive role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) on the antitumor immune response in SCC and present its potential as a therapeutic target in combination with the current range of immunotherapies available for SCC patients. We conclude that SCCs are an optimal cancer type to study the effectiveness of TGFβ inhibition due to the prevalence of dysregulated TGFβ signaling in them.     

Chronic inflammation and risk of lung cancer in older adults in the health,aging and body composition cohort study

Objectives

We examined the association between three inflammatory markers (Interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) and incident lung cancer using baseline, updated, and averaged inflammatory measures in older adults.

肿瘤生物样本库的发展现状及探讨

生物样本包含丰富的遗传、疾病特征和治疗效果等信息，且具有不可再生性，规范保存和使用生物样本已成为肿瘤诊治与研究领域最宝贵的资源之一，本文通过对国内外生物样本库发展现状的概述，提出建设我国肿瘤生物样本库的思考。